Authoritarian Liberalism and the Transformation of Modern Europe
Michael A. Wilkinson
Published:
2021
Online ISBN:
9780191888946
Print ISBN:
9780198854753
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Authoritarian Liberalism and the Transformation of Modern Europe
Michael A. Wilkinson
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June 2021
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'Part front matter for Part III The Road from Maastricht to Lisbon', Authoritarian Liberalism and the Transformation of Modern Europe, Oxford Constitutional Theory (
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The reconstitution of post-war Europe was passively rather than actively authoritarian. Democracy was constrained in a way that reflected a sense of collective self-restraint as much as a process of the suppression of mass democracy. In combination with relatively benign economic circ*mstances, conditions were conducive for the emergence of a ‘permissive consensus’ on the elite-driven project of European integration.1 As outlined in Part II, building a strong vibrant democracy was not part of post-war reconstruction, either domestically or supranationally, but neither was there significant opposition to the post-war settlement in general, and the project of European integration in particular, even outside the political mainstream.2 In sum, there was a degree of congruence between domestic and supranational constitutional projects of constraining democracy through formal and informal means.
As a matter of political economy, the limited integration that followed the Treaty of Rome left space for national divergences and mixed economies, encompassing France’s state-led capitalism and Germany’s social market economy.3 Although narrowing in range, the different social contracts would remain intact, each supported by overall economic growth, compromises between labour and capital, and elements of corporate bargaining. Enlargement of the European Economic Community was relatively slow-paced in comparison to the post-Maastricht era, the ‘Europe of six’ doubling in number between Rome and Maastricht, but over the course of several decades. The novelty of supranational institutions was genuine, and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice genuinely innovative. But the overall scheme was juristically rather than politically ambitious, with the EEC’s competences formally limited to the aim of completing the common market, progress towards which would, anyway, be initially slow and gradual.
Subject
Constitutional and Administrative Law
Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
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